Fore-and-aft aerial camera



B. M. CRAIG ETAL 2,512,486

FORE AND AFT AERIAL CAMERA June 20, 1950 Filed sept. 26,1944 7 sheets-sheet 1 [NMA/Toes .BURN/E' M CRA/G 3 GLEN J. Roa/Nso/v Fon We F/QM Array/v5 V5 June 20, 1950 Filed Sept. 26.

B. M. CRAIG ET AL FORE-ANDAFT AERIAL CAMERA '7 Sheets-Sheet 2 JN VEN TOPS u/w/f M. Cen/G GLEN d Pos/MSON @www June 20, 1950 B. M. CRAIG ETAL FORE-AND-AFT AERIAL CAMERA 7 Shee'Ls-Sheerl 3 Filed sept. 26, 1944 Y. WY

Bun/wf M Gen/6 GLEN d. Poem/50N Foa 774s HRM Arroz/viv;

June 20, 1950 B. M. CRAIG ETAL FORE-AND-AFT AERIAL CAMERA Filed Sept. 26, 1944 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 GL EN u'. Fos/NSON .ar

HARP/5 June 20, 1950 B. M. CRAIG ETAL 2,512,486

FORE-AND-AFT AERIAL CAMERA Filed Sept. 26, 1944 ShBrets-Shee 5 www June 20, 1950 B. M. CRAIG Erm. 2,512,486

' FORE-AND-AFT AERIAL CAMERA Filed Sept. 26, 1944 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 Ham/.5 K/ECH, 55752 drHmQ/s Foe 7H: HRM

Arroz/VE Ys June 20, 1950 B. M. CRAIG ErAL 2,512,436

FoRE-AND-AFT AERIAL CAMERA Filed Sept. 26, 1944 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 linee/smic@ Fosm? 'Hn/s Patented June 20, i950 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFlcE Application September 26, 1944, Serial No. 555,818

20 Claims. (Cl. Bil- 18) This invention relates to cameras and more particularly to cameras adapted for taking photographs from aeroplanes in flight.

A general object of the invention is to provide a camera structure adapted for taking photographs simultaneously fore and aft from an aeroplane, and a more specific object is to provide a camera construction and arrangement especially adapted for aerial photography on special missions, such as bombing missions, whereby photographs may be taken of targets and neighboring areas as they are approached, and simultaneously photographs may be taken of targets and neighboring areas which have been attacked and passed.

A further object of the invention is to provide means for automatically actuating film spools intermittently for the winding of exposed film and the presentation of unexposed film, and for automatically actuating shutter means for the taking or photographs during intervals when the' film-winding means is stationary. A further object is to provide a camera structure wherein nlm-winding is intermittently actuated to advance film intermittently and shutter means is actuated continuously, the shutter means being adapted to eifect exposures during intervals between iilm movements. A particular object in connection with the shutter actuation is to provide an endless focal-plane type of shutter with an exposure opening or openings occupying only limited portions of the length of the shutter, whereby an exposure opening passes between film and a camera lens only at spaced time intervals wherebyto permit film actuation between said spaced intervals.

A further object and feature of the invention is to provide a structure which will permit the employment of a separate unexposed film container for each camera lens employed and a common exposed film container for receiving all of the exposed films. Another feature is to provide for ready insertion and removal of all the film containers, and latching means for retaining all frame parts may be readily assembled and in' stalled and in which roll film containers may be readily mounted and roll film may be readily threaded into operative position. Such an object applies especially in the use of plural lenses and individual film rolls therefor. According to another feature, the band shutter passes around the storage zone containing both the exposed and unexposed lm, and to that extent encloses all the fllm. Also, this arrangement provides for travel of the band shutter in substantially the same plane as that portion of the film disposed in exposure position.

These objects are attained in general by a camera framework bolted or otherwise suitably mounted in a streamlined primary housing, such as one having a teardrop shape and adapted to be carried on the under side of an airplane part, the framework providing chambers to receive roll film containing and having means for supporting, actuating and guiding roll film and band shutter means past a plurality of lenses carried at opposite ends of the framework. Electrically actuated means, and electric circuits therefor, are provided to drive the film and shutter actuating means. In a preferred form, an endless band shutter of the focal-plane type is continuously driven whereby to effect exposure from all lenses during each cycle, while an intermittently operating drive including clutching and declutching means is employed to advance the lm intermitlenses are connected and which supports the lm,

shutter and film-actuating and exposure mechanisms being removed to expose the inner wall of a cover usedv for retaining iilm containers;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional fragmentary detail taken on the line 2--2 of Fig. 1 and showing a portion of a latching mechanism for the cover;

Fig. 3 is a vertical transverse section taken approximately from the line 3-3 of Fig. l, the shutter, the lm and shutter-supporting frame and the actuating mechanisms being shown in place;

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross-sectional detail taken from the line 4 4 of Fig. 3, and showing the clutching and declutching mechanism for driving and releasing an exposed film spool normally housed in the exposed film container;

anchas Fig. is a longitudinal vertical section through the assembled mechanism. being taken approxi= mately from the line 5-5 oi Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a longitudinal `vertical elevation oi the outer wall of the main frame member oi the supporting framework, as indicated by the lines 6-6 of Figs. 3 and 9, and showing especially the drive mechanisms for the shutter and im actuating devices;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal, substantially horizontai section taken approximately from the line ili! of Fig. 6 and showing the drive mechanism for the exposed lm spool;

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary horizontal section similar to that of Fig. 7 and taken from the line 8 3 of Fig. 6 to show the shutter drive mecha nism;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged transverse vertical section taken from the lines @-9 of Figa. 5 and li and looking in the same direction as in Fig. 3, the shutter drive mechanism being shown in longitudinal section;

Fig. 10 is a cross-section taken on the iinc llli0 of Fig. l and showing the suspension oi one of the lens-carrying hoods which in turn carries the camera framework;

Fig. il is principally a iront elevation oi the camera framework with the front cover plate removed, the view being tahen approximately as indicated by the line ii-ii oi- Fig. 9, and looking in the opposite direction from the view of Fig. 6;

Fig. l2 is a fragmentary detail in perspective showing the arrangement oi film-guiding rollers and their supporting means employed at one end of the supporting framework and also showing an opening which receives an element ci the cover latching mechanism;

Fig. 13 is a perspective view oi thespooi which receives the exposed nlm;

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the container which receives the exposed lm spool and into which the exposed nlm is drawn during photographic operations;

Fig. 15 is a perspective view of one oi the unexposed illm containers from which unexposed film is drawn;

Fig. 16 is a longitudinal cross-section taken approximately as indicated by the line .i6-I6 of Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a perspective view of the closure and its actuating means for the aft end of the main housing;

Fig. 18 is a perspective view of the closure and its actuating means for the fore end oi the main camera housing;Y

Fig. 19 is a fragmentary detail showing the slotted portion of the focal-plane shutter; and

Fig. 20 is a wiring diagram of the circuits employed.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawings, a streamlined primary housing or casing 20 is provided which has an access door 2| adapted to be secured in place by any appropriate means 22.

Mounted within the main housing 20 is a secondary housing 'or framework carrying the various parts constituting the camera proper, as indicated in general at 23. The framework 2 3 carries at one end a forward lensstructure generally indicated at 2l,v and at the opposite end a rear lens structure generally indicatedv at 25. The lens structures 24 and 25 are mounted upon the outer ends of hoods 26 which are secured to the opposite ends of the framework 23, so as to dispose the -respective lens structures 2d and 25 at angles directed fore and aft, respectively, and slightly downward in line with doors or closures 28 and 29 respectively carried by the main houslne 2G.

The housing 2@ comprises e. vmain body member 3@ in the form of a casting which may be provided with annular reinforcing webs 3i, the casting d@ having an upwardly extending neck 32. Upon the neck 32 is mounted a top plate 33 .preferably sealed by means ol.' a gasket 3@ and secured to the neck 32 by means of screws '35. For the purpose of mounting the housing 2@ upon an under surface of an airplane a plurality oi holes 36 is drilled through a ange portion 3l of the neck 32 and through the adjacent rim of the top plate 5E. ln order that electric cables 3&3 may be led into the housing 2d for the purpose of actuating the apparatus therein contained, a suitable connection 3Q is provided in the top plate 33. These cables 38 are adapted to extend to various terminals 40 which are as= sociated with a relay d2, the terminals liti and the relay i2 being carried upon a relay board or platform 83 secured in any suitable manner to flanges eli integral with the neck 32'.

The casting which forms the body member 3@ is provided at its opposite ends with bulkheads which are in turn provided with relatively' large openings A@ through which the lens-carrying hoods 2t project. Conveniently secured to the body member 3d adjacent the bulkheads 65 are forward and rearward shells 58 and li which respectively carry the fore and aft doors 28 and 2e. Secured to the outward faces of the bulkheads 55, and within the shells i8 and i9 are bracket members 5d to which are in turn secured the hoods 2S whereby the hoods 26, being secured to the framework 23, lsupport the framework 23 within the housing 20. These brackets are secured to the bulkheads 45 by means of screws or bolts 52 and are provided with pairs of supporting webs 53 (Figs. 1 and l0) that are connected with carrier plates 5&3 integrally connected with the respective hoods 2@ by means of integral webs 55. Each connection between the webs 53 and the plates 5d is through the medium ot vibrational mountings which comprise rubber blocks 56 secured to the plates 54 by means oi bolts 51, the rubber blocks 56 being circular' and having annular metal rings 5B disposed therein, the outer edges of the rings 58 resting upon and engaging shoulders 60 projecting inwardly from the bases of each pair of webs 53. Obviously, any other suitable form of mounting capable of absorbing vibration that would be transmitted to the camera frame 23 may be Mounted respectively on the shells 48 and 49 outwardly from the bulkheads 45 are forward and rearward lightproof diaphragms or bulkheads 62 and 63 which are provided with outwardly oset integral socket members 64 having apertures 65 which receive the lens mechanisms 2l and 25. Each lens mechanism 24 or 25 comprises a lens mounting 66 carrying a lens element 68 threaded into the outer end of the respective hood 26 in such manner that a portion of the lens mounting extends loosely through the respective aperture 65. In order to make a light seal at the loose joint between each socket 6 4 and the respective lens mounting 65, a cylindrical lightprooi' bellows 69 is disposed around the adjacent end of the hood 26 within the adjacent socket 6l. one end of each bellows bearing against an annular ilange 10 carried by the respective socket 64 and the other end of the bellows bearing against an annular flange 12 formed on the adjacent hood 26.

The camera framework 23 is provided with means for positioning and driving an endless focal-plane shutter S and two strips of film l", as seen variously in Figs. 3, 5, 7 and 9. The shutter S and tllm strips F. together with their guiding and supporting means are disposed between a main frame or main plate 15 and an opposite skeleton frame member 16 which is more in the form of a rim rather than a plate. The

main frame member 15, which is preferably in the form ot a casting, is provided, in the form shown with a plurality of integral spacing parts 15a, to the free ends of which the skeleton frame member 16 is secured in any desired manner, as by means of screws 11 (Fig. l1). Also forming a part of the main framework 23 is a cover plate 13 which is adapted to be disposed over the skeleton frame 16, as seen in Figs. 3 and 9. The framework 23 may be completed by means of a lower thin enclosing plate or skin 19 and a similar upper thin enclosing plate or skin 80 seurednas by means of screws 62 (Fig. 9) to the main plate 15 and the skeleton plate 16.

For the purpose of positioning the endless band shutter S, each corner f the elongated framework 23 is provided with a shutter guide roller 95 journaled in bearings 66 (Fig. 6) carried both in the main plate 15 and in the skeleton plate 16. For the purpose of driving the band shutter S, a drive roller 89 is provided, as shown in Fig. 9, this roller 98 being mounted upon heads 09 which are secured to sprockets 90 having projecting drive teeth 92 to engage in apertures 93 (Fig. 19) at the edges of the band shutter S. The drive sprockets 90 are suitably fixed on a drive shaft 94, one end of which is journaled at 95 in the skeleton frame member 16, and the other end of which is journaled at 96 in the main frame plate 15, the extreme outer portion of the end of the shaft 9| which is journaled in the bearing 96 projecting beyond the outer wall of the frame member 15 and carrying a driven sprocket 93 actuated by a drive chain 99 (Figs. 6, 8, and 9). As seen in Figs. and 9, the shutter S `passes around the greater portion of the periphery of the drive roller 69, with the result that the drive sprockets 92 engaging in the apertures 93 of the shutter S readily accomplish shutter movement.

For the purpose of taking up slack in the shutter S and thereby properly tensioning the shutter S, and also for the purpose of properly guiding the shutter about the drive roller 68. an adjustable guide roller |00 (Figs. 5 and 9) is provided. This guide roller |00 is journaled at both ends in brackets |02 which have horizontally extending arms |03 mounted in sliding contact with the adjacent inner walls of the frame members 15 and 16 respectively. The frame members 15 and 16 have slots |04 which receive screws |05 that project through the slots and are threaded into the arms |03. Upon the loosening of screws |05, the arms |03 and the roller |00 are adjusted longitudinally to provide the proper tension in the shutter S, whereupon the screws |05 are tightened so that their heads bind upon the edges of the slots |04 and lock the arms |03 and the adjusting roller |00 in position.

As best seen in Figs. 5 and 7, the bases of the hoods 26, which are in the form of truncated pyramids, are secured as by flanges |01 and screws |09 to shouldersv III of both of the frame members 1l and 16, in such relation that the shutter S passes between the adjacent guide rollers I6 along the focal-plane of the respective lens 66. Immediately behind the focal-plane at the base of each hood 26 is a laterally projecting back plate HI which is an integral part of the casting forming the main plate 15.

At the upper and lower edges of both back plates ||0, illm guide rollers ||2 are disposed for the purposes of receiving unexposed nlm F from unexposed-nlm containers ||4 and carrying it along the outer faces of the respective back plates III and in the focal-plane oi the respective lenses 6I. the illm thus moving immediately behind the endless band shutter S and in a path contiguous to the shutter path. In addition to the guide rollers ||2 at the ends of the back plates H0. additional lm guide rollers H5 are provided for the purpose of directing exposed film into an exposed nlm receiver or cassette ||6. One end of each of the lm guide rollers ||2 and ||5 is journaled in internal bearings ||I carried in the main frame plate 15 (Fig. 6) the opposite end of each roller ||2 and ||5 being journaled at ||9 (Figs. l1 and l2) in the outer end of a corresponding irregularly shaped narrow face plate or bearing plate |20. Each face plate |20 is secured as by screws |22 to the adjacent outer end of the respective back plate lll, and also to the adjacent outer end of a corresponding complementary laterally projecting positioning wall |23 also integral with the main plate 15 (Figs. 5 and 12). By this arrangement, a unit, consisting of a face plate |20, a back plate Ill and a positioning wall |23 with the respective film guide rollers ||2 and H5 mounted therein, is slightly spaced from adjacent portions of each end of the skeleton frame 16 and associated parts. These units are also spaced from each other to provide chambers for reception of the containers ||l and cassette ||6.

The provision of the face plates 20 separate from the skeleton frame member 16 is required by the necessity of providing entrances for threading the iilm strips F vlaterally or edgewise into the instrument as the loaded unexposed film containers lll and the exposed illm cassette ||6 are moved into place. Similarly, the conguration of the skeleton frame member 16 and the face plates |20 must be `such as to permit introduction of the nlm containers III and the cassette H6.

As seen in Fig. 5, the unexposed lm containers ||4 are smaller than the exposed illm cassette ||6. This is occasioned by reason of employing the cassette I6 to receive exposed film from both of the containers H4. The unexposed film containers Il have the construction shown in Figs. l5 and 16. They comprise outer shells |25 provided on one side with tangentially directed outlet slots |26. Each shell |25 is provided at one end with an end Wall |26 and at the opposite end with a cover |29. The end wall |20 and the cover |29 are provided with bearings |30 adapted to receive a spool |32. Any suitable means, such as pins indicated at |33, may be employed for positioning one end oi' each container lll, this positioning means being such as to direct the outlet slot |26 toward an adjacent iilm guide roll ||2. As film is drawn from each container Ill, the respective spool |32 rotates on the bearings |30. Each iilm strip is threaded, as best seen in Fig. 5, so that the film is led from the respective container III to one of the guide rolls H2, thence across the face of the respective back wall to the opposite guide roll H2, and thence over the respective guide roller lI/ into an inlet slot in a shell |36 forming a portion of the exposed film cassette |l6, the shell |36 having two such slots |35 for the purpose of receiving the two film strips from the two containers ||4. The shell |36 is provided at one end with a suitable end wall |30, and at the other end with a removable cover or closure |39. AThe closure |39 is removable for the reception oi a spool |40 having two nlm-receiving slots |42 (Fig. 13) cooperating with retaining means such as narrow internally located strips |43 (Fig. 5). Upon rotation of the spool |40, the film strips F are wound upon the spool |40, the edges of the nlm being confined by conventional end walls |44. Similarly to the unexposed nlm containers H4, any suitable means, such as pins |45, may be provided on the end wall |38 to position the cassette H0 and prevent its rotation.

For the purpose of driving the exposed film spool |40, a transversely disposed drive shaft |55 is rotatably mounted in the main frame plate 15, one end of the shaft extending through the plate 15 and carrying a drive disk |52, the inner portion` of the shaft |50 extending entirely through the spool |40 and the cassette ||8 and carrying a spline |54 which is exposed on both sides of the shaft |50 and is adapted to engage in short slots |55 at the opposite sides of an opening |56 in each end of the spool |40 through which opening the shaft |50 projects.

The driven end of shaft |50 is supported in the main plate 15 by means of an elongated ball bearing mounting |00 (Figs. 3 and 4) which is, in fact, a pair of spaced ball bearing units carried in a hub |52 bolted to the main plate 15. For the purpose of conveniently rotating the spool |40 within the cassette H6, the two ends |38 and |38 of the cassette are centrally provided with bearing sleeves |63 carrying ball bearing mountings |64 which engage within inwardly directed bosses |65 centrally provided in the end plates |44 of the spool |40 and having the slots |55 and openings |56.

The drive of the spool |40 is intermittent and is effected by a partial rotation of the disk |52 to and fro, as hereinafter described. The disk |52 is journaled upon the extreme outer end of the shaft |50 through the medium of a ball bearing mounting |66. At its periphery the disk |52 carries an annular iange |68 whose inner surface acts as a clutch face to engage a plurality of clutch balls |69 which work on inclined walls |10 formed by cutting elongated tapered notches |1| in the periphery of an annular ange |12 carried by a disk |13 which is secured to or is integral with the driven end of the shaft |50. The inner surface of the flange |12 in turn acts as a clutch face which cooperates with a series of clutch balls |14 working on inclined walls |15 formed by cutting tapered notches |16 in the periphery of the adjacent portion of the hub |62, the walls |15 being disposed oppositeiy with respect to the walls |1|.

Thus, as the disk |52 is oscillated in the driving direction, the inner face of its annular ange |58 engages the balls |69 and forces them into driving engagement with the inclined walls |10 whereby to rotate the annular ange |12,the disk |13 and the shaft |50. During this motion the clutch balls |14 tend to be drawn along their inclined walls |15 out of clutching position. When the drive disk |52 is oscillated in the non-driving out of clutching position, whereupon any tend1 ency to rotate the annular flange |12 and its disk |13 in a non-driving direction is resisted by engagement of the inner driving face of the flange |12 with the clutch balls |14 to force them into contact with their inclined walls |15 in the hub |92. Since the hub |52 is stationary, .the resultant action of the balls |14 is to brake the tendency of the fiange |12 and disk |13 to rotate backwards.

The prime mover for the camera is a motor generally indicated at (Figs. 5 and 6), which is located within the camera framework. 23 adjacent the main frame plate 15. The motor shaft projects through the plate 15 and carries thereon a pinion gear |52 (Fig. 6) which engages a large drive gear |85. Fixed to the drive gear |08 is a smaller concentric gear |84 which meshes with a large film drive gear |85. As shown, the drive gear is directly journaled at |86 on the main frame plate 15, and the large gear |08 is fixed on a stub shaft |80, the inner end of which is journaled at |89 in the frame plate 15 and the outer end of which is journaled at |98 in a removable plate |92.

For the purpose of driving the disk |52 and the exposed film spool |40, the lm drive gear |85 has eccentrically pivoted to its outer face at |94 a reciprocating drive rod |95 whose opposite end is eccentrically pivoted at |98 adjacent the periphery of the film drive disk |52. Thus, as the motor |80, operating through the gear train |82, |83, |84 and |85 rotates the pivot |94, the connecting rod |95 causes merely an oscillation of the disk |52. This movement is eiected by reason of the fact that the radius between the center of rotation of the gear |85 and the pivot |94 for the rod |95 is appreciably less than the radius between the center of rotation of the film drive disk 52 and its pivotal connection |96, the pivot |96 thus never rising to the center of rotation of the disk |52. Therefore, continuous rotation oi the motor |80 and the nlm drive gear |85 is converted into oscillating motion of the lm drive disk |52 with consequent intermittent forward drive of the exposed lln spool |40, due to the clutching and braking action of the clutch balls |69 and |14 and associated parts cooperating with the hub |52.

While the lm strips F are driven only intermittently in order to provide intervals during which film exposure may take place, the endless focal-plane shutter S, which contains but a single row of transverse exposure slots 200 (Fig. 19), is continuously driven, the movement of the i'llm occurring during the interval when the exposure slots travel across the top of the camera framework 23, as seen in Fig. 5. The continuous drive of the shutter S is effected through the medium of the large gear |83, which meshes with a small driven gear 202 fixed on a stub shaft 203, one end of which is journaled at 204 in the frame plate 15 and the other end of which is journaled at 205 in the`removable plate |92. Also fixed upon the stub shaft 203 is a sprocket 206'over which passes the chain 99 engaging the sprocket 98 xed on the outer end of the drive shaft 94 of the shutter drive roll 88, as best seen in Figs. 8 and 9.

In this manner the shutter drive roll 88 is continuously rotated, so that the exposure slots 200 continuously travel entirely around the camera framework 23 over the guide rollers 85 and the tensioning roller |00. The timing of the gear train |82, |83 and |85 is such that, as has asians been indicated, the exposure slots 288 pass from adjacentthetopofthebaseofone ofthe hoods 28 to the top of the base of'the other hood 28 during the interval that the film-winding mecha.- nism is operating to bring unexposed iilm into the focal-plane. The interval between illm winding movements of the expod-illm spool |88 isf sumcient duration for the exposure slots 288 to pass behind both of the lenses 88, so that both forwardandrearwardexposuresaremadeina single cycle. that is between iilm movements.

AsisshowninFig.19,instcadofhavinga single slot lextending continuously across the shutter band S, a plurality of the slots 288 is employed, these slots being disposed diagonally, as shown, in order to provide strips of fabric between them whereby to reinforce the band. In order to provide uniform illumination, corners of adjacent slots overlap in order that the corner of one slot which overlaps the path of travel of the adjacent slot will pass enough additional light to provide exposure equal to that passing through intermediate portions of a slot. v

Electrical energy is supplied to the motor |88 by means of an electric cable 2I8 (Fig. 6) which is initially energized from any suitable control l station. inasmuch as the motor |88 is intended to operate until all illm in the two containers ||8 has been exposed, it is desirable to provide means for automatically cutting off the current when all illm has been run through the apparatus. For this purpose an automatic film switch 2|2 is provided to which leads a branch line 2|8. The film switch 2|2 includes a control in the form of a finger or feeler 2|! (Figs. 5 and 9) which holds the switch in circuit-closing position so long as illm passes between the finger 2|8 and a illm positioning foot-2H. However, when all of the nlm has been wound into the cassette l |8 so that there is nothing to hold the feeler 2 I8 in elevatedv position, the feeler 2|5 drops down into a recess 2| 'l in the foot 2I8 thereby breaking the electric circuit to the motor I 88 and stopping the mechanism.

For the purpose of automatically opening and closing the closures 28 and 28 carried by the shells 88 and 88 at the forward and rearward ends of the main housing 28, solenoid actuated mechanisms are employed, as shown in Figs. 17 and 18. Since the instrument is to be carried externally of an airplane, and creates the usual wind resistance, the housing 28 is streamlined to a teardrop configuration in order to reduce wind resistance as much as possible. As a result, the forward end carrying the closure 28 is shaped differently from the rearward end, and, therefore, its closure operating mechanism is differently designed from that employed for operating the rearward closure 28, it being convenient, if not necessary, to

support the closure mechanisms primarily from the light-tight bulkheads 82 and 88 in which the two lens mountings 28 and 25 are positioned.

As shown in Fig. 17, the mechanism for operating the rearward closure 28 comprises a solenoid 228 which is carried by a suitably shaped bracket 222 secured to the rear diaphragm 88 above the lens mounting 25. The solenoid 228 receives a solenoid core 228 about which is disposed a conventional solenoid winding (not shown). When thesolenoid is energized, the core 223 is` retracted in the direction of the arrow, thereby swinging a rock shaft 228 through the medium of a link 225 which is pivoted at 228 to the end of an actuating link 228 pivoted at 228 to the core 228. This movement of the rock shaft 228 takes place against the tension of a spring 288,

whichtendstoreturnthepartstonormalposition when the solenoid-winding is de-energized. Upon rotation of the rock shaft 228. a. sector gear 282 secured thereto rotates a gear 288 which is fixed toa shaft 288 journaled in a rearwardly projecting bracket 288 (Figs. 1 and 17). A forward portion of the closure 28 is secured to the shaft 288 through the medium of an arm 288 ilxedly secured both to the closure 28 and to the shaft 288. The rearward end of the closure 28 Ls secured to a reduced extremity 288a of the shaft 288 which reduced extremity also serves as a bearing to center the adjacentparts by reason of its mounting in the extreme rearward end of the shell 88.`

To accommodate the space in the .shell 88 at the forward end of the housing 28, a bracket 28|) is secured to the diaphragm 82 and carries a solenoid 28| in a housing 282 from which projects a solenoid core 288. Here, the closure 28 is moved by retracting the solenoid core 288. For this purpose, a link 288 pivoted at 288 to the core 283 is connected to a linkv288 securedto a rock arm 288 having its opposite ends mounted in arms 288. When the solenoid is energized, the link 288 is retracted against the tension of a spring 288 and rocks a sector gear 282 engaged with a sectorgear2l8tnrockasecondrcckarm258 which is journaled in ears 288 carried by the solenoid housing 282. The rock arm 288 carries a sector gear 288 meshing with a pinion gear 258 which is fixed on a shaft 288 whose inner end is journaled in the solenoid housing 282 and whose outer end is journaled in an arm 288 projecting from the solenoid housing 282. The closure 28 is secured to an arm 282 which is in turn fixed upon the shaft 288, the closure 28 having a portion also fixed to a reduced extremity 258a of the shaft 288, the extremity 288a being journaled in the adjacent forward portion of the shell 88.

With the construction shown in Figs. 17 and 18. the solenoids 228 and 28| are energized when electric current is supplied tothe motor |88, these cores being then retracted to swing the closures 28 and 28 laterally out of the path of the lenses 88. As long as the motor |88 operates, the solenoids remain energized and the closures 28 and 28 remain open. When the film runs through the switch 2|2 and the feeler 2|! drops down to open the switch 2|2, the current to the entire mechanism is interrupted with the result that the motor |88 stops and the solenoids 228 and 28| are deenergized, whereupon the closures 28 and 28 return to their closed positions under the influence of their respective springs 288 and 288 and the influence of gravity.

When the camera is ready for use, the two lm containers ||8 and the exposed nlm cassette ||8 carrying two strips of film F are in the position shown in Fig. 5, and the containers IM and the cassette ||8 are held against rotation, as by the means above indicated or any other suitable means. Also these containers ||8 and the cassette |I8 are heid against longitudinal motion by reason of engagement of their outer ends with ofiset partially circular projections or flanges extending inward from the inner face of the cover plate 18, there being two relatively small curved projections or flanges 268 (Fig. 1) to engage the ends of the unexposed film containers H8 and a pair of opposing curved projections 288 formed on the arc of a larger circle for engaging the end of the cassette |I8. The cover plate 18 is also provided with a peripheral flange 288 which engages around the edge of the assembled framework 23 when the parts are in closed relationship.

For the purpose of retaining the cover plate 18 in closed position, a pair of latching bars 210 is provided whose ends extendy through openings 212 in the curved projections 266 (Figs. 1 and 3),

the extremities of these bars 210 being adapted adapted to be moved to and from latching position through themedium of a knob 214 (Figs. 2

and 3) on the outer face of the cover plate 18, the knob 214 having a'shaft 215 journaled in the cover plate 18, and projecting therethrough and having ilxed thereupon an actuating lever 216 to which the latching bars 210 are pivoted at 211. Inasmuch as tlie bars 210 are oiset from the center of rotation of the knob 214, movement of the knob causes the extremities of the bars to be moved into the openings 213 orto be withdrawn therefrom. Secured to the middle portion of the lever 216 is a laterally projecting arm 218 (Fig. 1) aligned with the center of rotation of the knob 214 and the lever 216. Secured to the outer end of the arm 218 is one end of a contraction spring 280 whose other end is secured at 282 on the irmer side of the cover plate 18, across' center from thel arm 218, whereby to assume oi center positions as the arm 218 swings. Thus, as the knob 214 is rotated, the latch bars 210 Iare moved into and out of engagement with the openings 213, the vspring 280 snapping the arm 218 past dead center in either latching or unlatching position, lugs 284 being provided to limit the movement.

In Fig. there is shown a wiring diagram of the electric controls for operatingvthe camera. Here, a source of current 290, such as a battery or generator in Ian airplane, is connected by a line 29| with a starting switch 292 which leads through the relay 42 carried on the relay board 43 (Fig. 1) and thence to the iilm switch 2|2 Yillm into the cassette ||6, the relay 42 vis deenergized thereby opening the switch 295 and thus de-energizing the solenoids 220 and 24| and the motor |80, whereupon the entire mechanism ceases to operate.

Operation In preparing to use the camera of the present vinvention, assuming the device to be in inoperative assembled condition, as indicated in Fig. 3

for example, the access door 2| is removed and the cover plate 18 is removed by rotating the knob 214 to withdraw the latch bars 210 (Figs. 1, 2

and 3) from the openings 213 (Fig. 12). This exposes the outer ends of the unexposed illm containers ||4 and the exposed film cassette ||6, the positions of which are indicated in Fig. 11. The containers||4 and cassette ||6 are then withdrawn, thecovers |29 and |39 removed, and fresh rolls of iilm F loaded into the containers 4 in a dark room in the usual manner. 'I'he ends of the lm strips F are then passed into the retainfing slots |42 of the exposed iilm spool |40, the

respective lm lying in the inlet slots |35, whereupon the cover |39 of the cassette ||6 is replaced. With suicient lengths of film being withdrawn for the purpose, the containers ||4 and the cassette ||6 are then presented to the positions indiclted in Fig. 11, and the withdrawn fum ends are then properly looped and inserted into the passages providedl between the face plates or bearing plates |20 and the yadjacent portions of the skeleton frame member 16. As the containers |4 and the `cassette ||6,'together with looped ilm, 4are moved into position, the lm strips are moved into place around the lm guide rollers ||2 and |5, one of the lrn strips being directed under the switch controlling nger 2 5 of the 111m switch 2|2.

Upon completion of the installation of the nlm containers I4 and the cassette I6, together with the threading of the film about the rollers ||2 and H5, theV cover 18 is returned to its operative position, as seen in Figs. 3 and 9, and the knob 214 is turned to project the extremities of the latch bars 219 into the openings 213 (Fig. 12) in the projecting lm positioning members |23. Upon replacing the access door 2 I, the apparatus is ready for use, assuming lthat it has been properly installed in a depending relation upon a portion of an airplane by means of screws passed through the supporting openings 36 in the upper end of the neck 32 (Fig. v1) The electric conduits 38 (Fig. 1), having been properly connected, the camera is ready for operation upon the closing of the starting switch 292, as shown in the wiring diagram of Fig. 20. v

When the operator wishes to take aerial photographs, the starting switch 292 is closed, and, since the nlm switch 2I2 was closed by lifting of the linger 2|5 (Fig. 5) when the lm was installed, the relay 42 isenergized, thereby closing the relay switch 294 and the main line switch 295. As a result electric current is passed through the motor |80, and through the solenoids 220 and 24|. 292, the solenoids 220 and 24| and the motor .|80 continuing to function by reason of the fact that the relay 42 maintains the switches 294 and 295 closed and the 'ow of eurent through the relay switch 294 and the iilm switch 2|2 keeps the relay 42 energized.

When the solenoids 220 and 24| are energized, they open the fore and aft closures 28 and 29 (Fig. 1), thereby exposing to the lenses 68 the views toward *which the lenses are directed.

Meanwhile the motor (Figs. 5 and 6) has begun to drive the endless band .shutter S through the medium of the gear train |82, |83 and 202, by way of the sprocket 206, the chain 99, the sprocket 98, the drive shaft 94 and the shutter drive roller 88 carrying the shutter drive teeth 92 (Figs. 6 to 9). This drive causes the shutter S (Fig. 5) to be driven continuously whereby to advance the exposure slots 200 (Fig. 19) intermittently behind the respective lenses 68 and the focal-planes thereof. At the same time, the large'. gear |83, through the medium of its concentric small gear |84. continuously drives the film drive gear which in turn causes recriprocation of the connecting rod through the medium of the pivot connection |94 (Figs. 6 and 7) whereby the pivot connection |96 causes the disk |52 to oscillate, with the result that the clutch mechanism shown in Fig. 4, which cooperates with the disk |52, drives the exposed lm spool |40 intermittently as the connecting rod |95 osclllates the disk |52 in one direction. Each intermittent movement of the exposed nlm spool |40 winds The operator may then open the switchl guide roller 8i to the opposite guide roller 85 i during the interval that the exposed nlm spool I 48 is being rotated. .When the spool |48 ceases rotation, the slots 280 then pass across the focalplane of one of the lenses 88, thereby exposing adjacent nlm guided by the respective back wall IIB, thence across the bottom of the apparatus and around the lower shutter guide rolls 85. and thence upward adjacent the focal-plane of the other lens 68 to expose nlm positioned adjacent the corresponding back wall IIII. Whenthe exposure slots 200 have completed the second exposure and start along their uppermost traverse I of the apparatus, the exposed nlm drum |88 is again partially rotated to bring unexposed portions of nlm into position.

As long as there is a supply of unexposed nlm the apparatus operates continuously and takes a series of pictures upon the forward nlm and another series of pictures upon the rearward nlm. This operation continues until the nlm which travels under the finger 2 I 5 in the nlm switch 2 i 2 is exhausted, whereupon the nnger 2li drops down and opens the switch 2|2. Thereupon, the circuit through the relay 42 (Fig. 20) is broken. by reason of the opening of the switch 2I2, and the relay I2 acts to open the main line switch 295 whereupon current to the motor |80 and to the solenoids 228 and 28| is interrupted. As a result, the motor |88 ceases to operate, with consequent cessation of operation of the shutter and nlm drive mechanism. and at the same time the de-energization of the solenoids 228 and 24| permits the springs 280 and 258 (Figs. 1'7 and 18) to return the fore and aft closures 28 and 29 to closed position whereby to protect the lenses 68.

The operation having ceased, all nlm will have been exposed and wound upon the exposed nlm spool |88, each nlm strip F being wound continuously within the other nlm strip. Upon termination of the night, the access door 2l is removed, the cover plate 18 is removed, and the exposed nlm cassette IIS is withdrawn and sent to the developing room.

We claim as our invention:

1. In combination in a camera: a housing; independent fore and aft exposure lenses carried at opposite ends of said housing for taking separate pictures from said opposite lenses; separate means to supply separate, unexposed nlm to each lens; common means to take up exposed nlm from both lenses; means to drive said takeup means intermittently; and endless band shutter means adapted to cooperate with said lenses to expose nlm intermittently through each lens and having an opening located to move past each of said lenses between movements of said nlm take-up means.y said endless band shutter being disposed around said separate nlm supply means and said take-up means.

2. In combination in a camera: a rotary nlm carrier for receiving exposed nlm; nlm guide means adapted to direct nlm past a lens and to said carrier; an endless band shutter having v amm exposure means adapted to be moved through an exposure position with respect to a'lens to expose adjacent nlm; continuously rotatable gear drive means connected to move said .shutter continuously; oscillating means to drive said carrier; a lost motion connection between said carrier and said oscillating means whereby to drive said carrier intermittently and in one direction only; and a pitman between said gear means and said oscillating means to drive the latter from said gear means, one end of said pitman being attached to said gear means to travel in a circle on a relatively short radius and the other end of said pitman being attached to said oscillating means to move on a relatively larger radius and thereby oscillate as said one end revolves about its center.

3. In combination in a. camera: frame means having a seat adapted to receive a nlm container in non-rotatable relation; a nlm container mounted in said seat and having nlm inlet passage means; a photographic nlm-receiving carrier in said container; driving and supporting means carried by said frame means and project-- ing into said container and engaging said carrier inv driving and supporting relation; a second container non-rotatably supported in a seat in said frame means and having a nlm outlet passage; a nlm spool rotatably carried in said second container; a third container non-rotatably supported in a seat in said frame means and having a nlm outlet passage; a nlm spool rotatably carried in said third container; means to guide nlm between said containers, said guide means being disposed to direct nlm from the outlet passages of said second and third containers to the inlet passage of the first mentioned container and its nlm-receiving carrier; and means adapted for photographicaliy exposing said nlm.

4. In combination in a camera: frame means having opposite sides and having a seat to receive a nlm container in non-rotatable relation; a nlm container mounted in said seat and having nlm inlet passage means; a photographic nlm-receiving carrier in said container; driving and supporting means carried by said frame means and projecting into said container and engaging said carrier in driving and supporting relationship, said driving and supporting means including a spindle extending through and supporting both ends of said nlm-receiving carrier; and bearings for said spindle and disposed in said opposite sides of said frame means, the side carrying one of said bearings and such one bearing being axially removable from the respective end of said spindle.

5. A combination .according to claim 4 including: a second container non-rotatably supported in a seat in said frame means and having a nlm outlet passage; a third container non-rotatably supported in a seat in said frame means and having a nlm outlet passage; nlm spools rotatably carried in said second and third containers; and means disposed to guide nlm from said second and third containers to the nlm inlet passage means of the nrst mentioned container and to its nlm-receiving carrier.

6. In combination in a camera: a main wall carrying laterally projecting mountings for exposed and unexposed nlm containers; frame means connected with and disposed opposite said main wall and having passageways therethrough opposite said main wall for the movement of said containers to and from mounted position; an endless band shutter mounted between said mounted position.

7. In combintion in a camera: a housing having a main wall; mounting means projecting laterally from said main wall for mounting thereon and supporting containers for exposed and unexposed lm; frame means disposed opposite said main wall, and having openings provided opposite said mounting means through which openings and containers may be passed to and from said mountings; guide rollers having their opposite ends journaled respectively in said main wall and said frame means; and a cover plate adapted to be .removably mounted upon said housing to cover said openings and frame means.

8. A combination as in claim 7 wherein an endless band shutter is mounted between said main wall and said frame means, said band shutter being mounted upon certain of said guide rollers.

9. A combination as i'n claim 8 wherein -others of said guide rollers are adapted to receive and guide illm from said containers.

10. A combination as in claim 7 wherein lenssupporting means are provided upon the opposed ends of said main wall and said frame means respectively, and a focal-plane back plate projects laterally from said main wall between said containers and the focal plane of a lens on said lens-supporting means.

11. In combination in a camera frame: a main frame member; skeleton frame4 means having openings for`the reception of a length of photographic 111m and iilm containers; spacing means secured between said frame member and frame means and spacing them apart; means secured to said main frame member and projecting toward openings in said skeleton frame means, said projecting means and said spacing means being spaced from each other to provide film passages, and said spacing means and projecting means providing spaces between them for reception of tllm containers; and film guide means carried in said projecting means.

12. A combination according to claim 11 wherein said projecting means provides a guide plate at a focal-plane in said camera frame.

13. A combination according to claim 11 wherein said film guide means in said projecting means are guide rollers journaled at one end adjacent the mounting of said projecting means on said main frame member, and said frame means includes bearing plate means secured to the outer end of said projecting means, the other ends of said rollers being journaled in said bearing plate means.

14. A combination according to claim 11 wherein guide rollers for a band shutter are mounted between said frame members.

15. A combination as in claim 11 wherein said projecting means are adapted to support said lm containers and are unattached to said skeleton frame means.

16. In combination in a camera frame: an elongated main frame member; an elongated skeleton frame member having an opening for the passage of photographic illm and lm containers; spacing means secured between said frame members and spacing them apart; lens supporting means at an end of said frame members; roller guide means disposed between and 16 around the periphery of said frame members and adapted to carry a band shutter; nlm-positioning projecting means secured to each end of said main frame member and projecting toward openings in said skeleton frame member, said projecting means and said spacing means being spaced from each other to provide lm passages, and said spacing means and projecting means providing spaces for reception of lm containers; and iilm Aguide rollers carried in said projecting means.

17. A combination according to claim 16 wherein the film-positioning projecting means includes a. back wall disposed at the focal-plane adjacent said lens-supporting means.

18. A combination according to claim 16 wherein a back wall is carried between said frame members at the focal-plane of said lens-supporting means, and lm guide means is disposed at opposite ends of said back wall to lead photographic film along said back wall and in said focal-plane.

19. A combination according to claim 16 wherein a back Wall is provided between said frame members at the focal-plane oi said lens-supporting means, said guide means including means disposed adjacent the end of said back wall to guide said band shutter forward and adjacent to said back wall, and certain of said lm guide rollers being disposed adjacent said ends of said back wall to guide photographic lm along said focal-plane.

20. A combination according to claim 16 including means adapted for intermittently driving nlm-containing means carried by said frame and means adapted to drive a band shutter continuously.

BURNIE M. CRAIG. GLEN J. ROBINSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 349,133 Anthony et al. Sept. 14, 1886 858,146 Borsum June 25, 1907 1,087,083 Debrie Feb. 10, 1914 1,319,698 De Brayer Oct. 28, 1919 1,358,919 Arnold Nov. 16, 1920 1,414,942 Gill May 2, 1922 1,423,364 Sharpe .v July 18, 1922 1,686,650 Chanier Oct. 9, 1928 1,831,794 Adams Nov. 10, 1931 1,866,585 Tenny July 12, 1932 1,896,732 Stone Feb. 7, 1933 1,973,477 Fritts Sept. 11, 1934 2,020,384 Stone Nov. 12, 1935 *2,061,177` Tasker Nov. 17, 1936 2,202,138 Buckham May 28, 1940 2,245,606 Rauch June 17, 1941 2,317,096 Dunn Apr. 20, 1943 2,351,999 Nervin June 20, 1943 2,338,657 Mihalyi Jan. 4, 1944 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 886 Great Britain s of 1897 13,128 Great Britain of 1908 509,133 France Nov. 2, 1920 409,823 Germany Feb. 13, 1925 685,807 France Apr. 7, 1930 286,834 Italy s June 24, 1931 562,772 Germany Oct. 28, 1932 488,497 Great Britain July 7, 1938 499.378

GreatBrtain Jan. 20, 1939 Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,512,486 June 20, 1950 BURNIE M. CRAIG ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 1, line 24, after the word "film-winding insert means; column 2, line 5, for containing read containers; column 12, line 22, for latch bars 279 read [nich bars 270; column 15, line 14, for and" road sa 51"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read as corrected above, so that the same may oonforIn-to the record of the case in the Patent Oice.

Signed and sealed this 3rd day of October, A. D. 1950.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant `'ommzlm'oner of Per 

